Tiny sacs released from tumor cells and circulating in the blood carry genetic information about the tumor, offering a new way to track and treat the cancer, U.S. researchers said on Sunday.
“They contain a little piece of the tumor cell in the blood stream. If you just look at these packets, you basically know what kind of mutations are in the tumor cell,” said Xandra Breakefield of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, whose study appears in the journal Nature Cell Biology.
These membrane-covered packets, called exosomes, represent a new way of getting information about a cancer, offering a means of choosing the best therapy, seeing how a patient responds to treatment, and possibly offering a way to deliver therapies back to the tumor, Breakefield said.
“It’s a whole new concept of cell communication we didn’t know tumors used,” Breakefield said in a telephone interview.
She said for most forms of cancer, there is no good way to know what genetic mutations are in a tumor, short of taking a sample and doing a biopsy.
Many current blood tests, such as the prostate specific antigen, or PSA, test for prostate cancer, simply check for elevated levels of a specific protein.
By using exosomes, doctors might be able to get specific information about a cancer from a simple blood test.
“It’s a blood biomarker,” she said.
Cell communication
Johan Skog, who works in Breakefield’s lab and led the study, said many types of cells release exosomes as part of normal cell-to-cell communication, and several types of tumors are known to shed exosomes containing proteins that can alter the environment to make it more favorable to tumor growth.
“It’s a form of cell communication that normal cells use but tumor cells use with a vengeance,” Skog said in a telephone interview.
For the study, the researchers carefully analyzed the contents of the exosomes shed from glioblastoma cells. Glioblastoma is a type of aggressive brain cancer.
Inside, they found fragments of genetic messenger ribonucleic acid, or RNA, including cell messengers related to cell growth, immune response and the construction of new blood vessels.
When they exposed these exosomes to normal cells in the lab, the tumor RNA delivered its genetic message into the cells.
“That is important to know. We didn’t realize they had this external means of communicating with their surroundings,” Breakefield said
Showing posts with label cancer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cancer. Show all posts
DYNAMIC HEALTH LINK : How to Avoid Colon Cancer
This simple experiment showed that whatever waste we create whether it's in our lymph liquid, our blood, or in the colon, it must be removed daily if we are to have excellent health.
Looking at colon waste, we should be having a bowel movement every day for every meal we eat. Most of us have only one or none each day. Many doctors say it's ok if you only have one bowel movement every two days. Yes, it's ok if you want to create colon cancer.
Studies have shown that if you have a bowel movement every 3 - 4 days, you are more at risk for having a heart attack, colon cancer, hemorrhoids, IBS, and many other illnesses.
As in 1911, Dr. Alexis showed cells become weak and die if they remain in their own metabolic waste for over three days or longer. This is exactly the condition called constipation.
Fecal matter that remains stagnant in the colon gives rise to bacteria that create colon wall irritations and inflammation. This then can lead to colon cancer.
Be A Cancer Survivor-- Advice About Successful Treatment
Although cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, the survival rate for many types of cancer has remarkably improved .....
And another thing, if you continue to have constipation, then this bacteria and toxic waste tend to slip into the small intestine where they can then get into your blood stream. There, this toxic matter goes all over the body creating damage and excess inflammation.
Here's how to make sure your fecal matter does not become stagnant in your colon and produces colon cancer.
Just by increasing the amount of fiber you eat daily by 3 / 4 ounce, you can dramatically change your risk of getting colon cancer and many other colon diseases. If you are like most people, you eat only 1 / 4 ounce of fiber. In terms of grams, you are likely eating 8 grams. Raise the amount of fiber you eat by 20 grams to 28 grams and reduce your likelihood of getting colon cancer. Diseases Caused By Constipation
It was estimated that of all the people who died of cancer - colon, lung, prostate, and breast - in 1999 sixteen percent were attributed .....
Here's what fiber does in your colon:
* Increase the size of your stools
* Feeds your good bacteria and keeps them healthy and plentiful
* Traps carcinogens so they don't collect on your colon wall
* Reduces the amount of bile salts that are changed to carcinogens by bad bacteria
* Keeps you pH slightly acidic and in favor of good bacteria
* Reduces stagnation of fecal matter in colon - reduces constipation
*Traps water so stools are not hard
Here's how fiber works. By keeping your stools large, they move quicker in your colon and don't allow carcinogens to stay in contact with your colon wall for very long.
Large fiber stools brush along the colon walls keeping them clean and causing the nerves to activate peristaltic action.
Fiber provides food for the good bacteria and makes them stronger than the bad bacterial. This limits the carcinogen producing activities of the bad bacteria. When the good bacteria exceed the bad bacteria, the colon pH is slightly acidic and this makes your colon work better - less constipation and more nerve sensitivity
When your stools have more water, they are softer and move easily through the colon. Hard stools are hard to move through the colon. Since the colon sucks water out of the stool to recirculate it into the blood, less toxic material is pull out of a fecal bulk if it has plenty of water.
Add 3 / 4 ounce of fiber to your daily diet and avoid the misery and devastation that colon cancer brings to you and your family.
Looking at colon waste, we should be having a bowel movement every day for every meal we eat. Most of us have only one or none each day. Many doctors say it's ok if you only have one bowel movement every two days. Yes, it's ok if you want to create colon cancer.
Studies have shown that if you have a bowel movement every 3 - 4 days, you are more at risk for having a heart attack, colon cancer, hemorrhoids, IBS, and many other illnesses.
As in 1911, Dr. Alexis showed cells become weak and die if they remain in their own metabolic waste for over three days or longer. This is exactly the condition called constipation.
Fecal matter that remains stagnant in the colon gives rise to bacteria that create colon wall irritations and inflammation. This then can lead to colon cancer.
Be A Cancer Survivor-- Advice About Successful Treatment
Although cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, the survival rate for many types of cancer has remarkably improved .....
And another thing, if you continue to have constipation, then this bacteria and toxic waste tend to slip into the small intestine where they can then get into your blood stream. There, this toxic matter goes all over the body creating damage and excess inflammation.
Here's how to make sure your fecal matter does not become stagnant in your colon and produces colon cancer.
Just by increasing the amount of fiber you eat daily by 3 / 4 ounce, you can dramatically change your risk of getting colon cancer and many other colon diseases. If you are like most people, you eat only 1 / 4 ounce of fiber. In terms of grams, you are likely eating 8 grams. Raise the amount of fiber you eat by 20 grams to 28 grams and reduce your likelihood of getting colon cancer. Diseases Caused By Constipation
It was estimated that of all the people who died of cancer - colon, lung, prostate, and breast - in 1999 sixteen percent were attributed .....
Here's what fiber does in your colon:
* Increase the size of your stools
* Feeds your good bacteria and keeps them healthy and plentiful
* Traps carcinogens so they don't collect on your colon wall
* Reduces the amount of bile salts that are changed to carcinogens by bad bacteria
* Keeps you pH slightly acidic and in favor of good bacteria
* Reduces stagnation of fecal matter in colon - reduces constipation
*Traps water so stools are not hard
Here's how fiber works. By keeping your stools large, they move quicker in your colon and don't allow carcinogens to stay in contact with your colon wall for very long.
Large fiber stools brush along the colon walls keeping them clean and causing the nerves to activate peristaltic action.
Fiber provides food for the good bacteria and makes them stronger than the bad bacterial. This limits the carcinogen producing activities of the bad bacteria. When the good bacteria exceed the bad bacteria, the colon pH is slightly acidic and this makes your colon work better - less constipation and more nerve sensitivity
When your stools have more water, they are softer and move easily through the colon. Hard stools are hard to move through the colon. Since the colon sucks water out of the stool to recirculate it into the blood, less toxic material is pull out of a fecal bulk if it has plenty of water.
Add 3 / 4 ounce of fiber to your daily diet and avoid the misery and devastation that colon cancer brings to you and your family.
DYNAMIC HEALTH LINK : How to Avoid Cancer, Heart Problems, Diabetes, and Asthma
In part one we examined one of the most detrimental factors to good health-- the overgrowth of Candida Albicans, a fungal yeast that produces seventy-nine different antigens {poisons} to the body and impairs immune function as well as disrupting many of the other important body functions.
In this segment we will look at the pH factor and its importance in body chemistry. pH is hydrogen potential and a reading of 7.0 is neutral while a higher reading indicates alkalinity and below 7.0 indicates acidity.
Scientists tell us that our bodies function best with a blood pH level of 7.4 {actually 7.365} The physical body does everything it can to maintain this blood pH at 7.4. Since most people have little awareness of how the body functions and how to cooperate with those functions we unwittingly eat, drink and act inappropriately. Sometimes we try to do something good for ourselves e.g. drink bottled water to avoid pollutants in our drinking water.
The problem is that most of that water is processed by reverse osmosis or distillation and these have a pH of around 6.6 to 6.8 i.e. acid because all the minerals which affect pH have been removed. Some of the bottled water is spring water and this may have a pH of 7.2 to 7.6 which is alkaline and much better for our bodies. The problem here is that water is the universal solvent and so plastic bottles leach a poisonous chemical into the water. There is little indication how long the water has been sitting on the shelf and no way to tell how much leaching has taken place!
Water is very important to our bodies since fluids account for about 70% of our tissues. Dehydration is a problem for most, partly because we drink a lot of caffeinated drinks and caffeine is a diuretic which removes more fluid from the system than is ingested. Without enough fluids inthe body, blood becomes thicker making the heart work harder to pump it around the system--the skin becomes more wrinkled-- dried out more than it should--elimination becomes more difficult {constipation} so toxins tend to be re-absorbed into the system instead of being removed.
There are other drinks such as alcohol, beer, colas,soda pop etc. which are acid. Soda pop containing phosphoric acid {causes the fizz} may be as low in pH as 2.5. It has been said that the body intelligence will even store excess acid in our fat tissues to prevent damage to the liver and kidneys. {Being overweight?}
Another aspect of which many are unaware, is that acid-forming foods are consumed excessively. It has been suggested that up to 80% of our food consumption should be alkaline-forming foods and only 20% acid. That indicates that our diet should consist of items like bran, barley, buckwheat, cornmeal, millet, oats, brown rice, rye criso, rye bread, and wheat germ, rather than wheat products such as cakes, crackers, macaroni, noodles, pies and pastry, spaghetti, wheat breads and wheat cereals. Another example relates to flesh foods. Some foods like chicken, fish, lamb, liver, lobster, turkey, veal, shrimp, crab meat, and trout tend to be alkaline while beef, hamburger, hot dogs, pork, salmon, sardines, sausage fall into the acid range. Most fresh fruits and vegetables tend to be alkaline but any commercial canned vegetables and fruits tend to be acid.
So we can see that eating has its hazards and care is required to avoid the difficult areas. One could take the attitude that this is too complicated, and it can be a bit overwhelming, but with a little care one can develop a sensing for which foods are appropriate. For example when facing a buffet and there are so many choices-- some of them are o.k.-- you can sense what is effective with a little practice.
There are some simple rules like avoid commercial canned fruits and vegetables and use fresh as much as possible. If you do your own canning don''t overload with sugar. Much more could be said on these points but hopefully these guidelines may be useful to you. There is a lot more info available on all these subjects.
This segment has emphasized the importance of acid/alkaline balance and the requirement to be aware to some degree of what we eat and drink and how it affects our health. Part three will consider the body from the cellular, electrical level and what can be done easily to work with the body processes.
In this segment we will look at the pH factor and its importance in body chemistry. pH is hydrogen potential and a reading of 7.0 is neutral while a higher reading indicates alkalinity and below 7.0 indicates acidity.
Scientists tell us that our bodies function best with a blood pH level of 7.4 {actually 7.365} The physical body does everything it can to maintain this blood pH at 7.4. Since most people have little awareness of how the body functions and how to cooperate with those functions we unwittingly eat, drink and act inappropriately. Sometimes we try to do something good for ourselves e.g. drink bottled water to avoid pollutants in our drinking water.
The problem is that most of that water is processed by reverse osmosis or distillation and these have a pH of around 6.6 to 6.8 i.e. acid because all the minerals which affect pH have been removed. Some of the bottled water is spring water and this may have a pH of 7.2 to 7.6 which is alkaline and much better for our bodies. The problem here is that water is the universal solvent and so plastic bottles leach a poisonous chemical into the water. There is little indication how long the water has been sitting on the shelf and no way to tell how much leaching has taken place!
Water is very important to our bodies since fluids account for about 70% of our tissues. Dehydration is a problem for most, partly because we drink a lot of caffeinated drinks and caffeine is a diuretic which removes more fluid from the system than is ingested. Without enough fluids inthe body, blood becomes thicker making the heart work harder to pump it around the system--the skin becomes more wrinkled-- dried out more than it should--elimination becomes more difficult {constipation} so toxins tend to be re-absorbed into the system instead of being removed.
There are other drinks such as alcohol, beer, colas,soda pop etc. which are acid. Soda pop containing phosphoric acid {causes the fizz} may be as low in pH as 2.5. It has been said that the body intelligence will even store excess acid in our fat tissues to prevent damage to the liver and kidneys. {Being overweight?}
Another aspect of which many are unaware, is that acid-forming foods are consumed excessively. It has been suggested that up to 80% of our food consumption should be alkaline-forming foods and only 20% acid. That indicates that our diet should consist of items like bran, barley, buckwheat, cornmeal, millet, oats, brown rice, rye criso, rye bread, and wheat germ, rather than wheat products such as cakes, crackers, macaroni, noodles, pies and pastry, spaghetti, wheat breads and wheat cereals. Another example relates to flesh foods. Some foods like chicken, fish, lamb, liver, lobster, turkey, veal, shrimp, crab meat, and trout tend to be alkaline while beef, hamburger, hot dogs, pork, salmon, sardines, sausage fall into the acid range. Most fresh fruits and vegetables tend to be alkaline but any commercial canned vegetables and fruits tend to be acid.
So we can see that eating has its hazards and care is required to avoid the difficult areas. One could take the attitude that this is too complicated, and it can be a bit overwhelming, but with a little care one can develop a sensing for which foods are appropriate. For example when facing a buffet and there are so many choices-- some of them are o.k.-- you can sense what is effective with a little practice.
There are some simple rules like avoid commercial canned fruits and vegetables and use fresh as much as possible. If you do your own canning don''t overload with sugar. Much more could be said on these points but hopefully these guidelines may be useful to you. There is a lot more info available on all these subjects.
This segment has emphasized the importance of acid/alkaline balance and the requirement to be aware to some degree of what we eat and drink and how it affects our health. Part three will consider the body from the cellular, electrical level and what can be done easily to work with the body processes.
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